Exchange Server is role based, and it comes with following server roles:
Mailbox Server
It is the server that hosts public folders and mailboxes.
Client Access Server
It is the server responsible for hosting client protocols like Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4), Secure Hypertext Protocol (HTTPS), Autodiscover Service and Availability Service and Outlook Anywhere. The client access server also hosts the web services.
Unified Messaging Server
This server connects Private Branch Exchange ( PBX) system with Exchange 2010.
Hub Transport Server
It is a mail routeing server which routes mail inside and outside the organisation. The default setting is to route emails within the organisation
Edge Transport Server
This mail routing server present at the perimeter of topology and routes emails into and out of Exchange organisation.